Merdeka atas Konflik: Membangun Teologi Konflik Berdasarkan Konflik Filemon dengan Onesimus dalam Surat Filemon
Abstract
Conflict is an unavoidable reality, even within the church, which often becomes trapped in internal disputes. This situation necessitates a biblical theological model for conflict resolution. This research aims to construct a theology of conflict based on an analysis of the Epistle to Philemon, specifically focusing on the conflict between Philemon and Onesimus. Using a qualitative method through a literature review and biblical exegesis, this study examines the conflict resolution strategy employed by the Apostle Paul. The findings indicate that Paul did not merely mediate but implemented a transformative, Gospel-centered approach, which included persuasive communication, assumption of responsibility, and total forgiveness that changed the relationship from master-slave to brothers in faith. This concept is formulated as "freedom from conflict," a liberation that frees from oppressive structures, enables love and forgiveness, and actualizes a harmonious fellowship as the body of Christ. In conclusion, the Epistle to Philemon offers an evangelical paradigm of reconciliation as a fundamental solution for personal and communal conflicts in the contemporary church.
Abstrak
Konflik merupakan realitas yang tak terhindarkan bahkan di dalam gereja, yang sering kali terjebak dalam perselisihan internal. Kondisi ini mendesak adanya sebuah model teologis untuk penyelesaian konflik yang alkitabiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun teologi konflik berdasarkan analisis terhadap Surat Filemon, khususnya pada konflik antara Filemon dan Onesimus. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi pustaka dan eksegesis biblika, penelitian ini mengkaji strategi resolusi konflik yang diterapkan oleh Rasul Paulus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Paulus tidak sekadar menengahi, tetapi menerapkan pendekatan transformatif yang berpusat pada Injil, meliputi komunikasi persuasif, pengambilalihan tanggung jawab, dan pengampunan total yang mengubah relasi dari tuan-hamba menjadi saudara seiman. Konsep ini dirumuskan sebagai "merdeka atas konflik," sebuah kemerdekaan yang membebaskan dari struktur penindasan, memampukan untuk mengasihi dan mengampuni, serta mewujudkan persekutuan yang rukun sebagai tubuh Kristus. Kesimpulannya, Surat Filemon menawarkan sebuah paradigma rekonsiliasi yang Injili sebagai solusi fundamental bagi konflik personal dan komunal di dalam gereja masa kini.
Keywords
References
Alfian, Ahmad. “Jumhur Minta Prabowo Ratifikasi Konvensi ILO 188.” Rmol.Id: Republik Indonesia. Last modified 2025. Accessed June 16, 2025. https://rmol.id/politik/read/2025/05/01/664971/jumhur-minta-prabowo-ratifikasi-konvensi-ilo-188?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
ARITONANG, SAMUEL REINHARD P. “Konflik Internal Di Gereja Kristen Protestan Indonesia (GKPI) Serta Usaha Perdamaian Yang Pernah Ditempuh (1996-1999) (Suatu Tinjauan Historis Teologis).” SInTA - Unit Perpustakaan Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana (UKDW) Yogyakarta. Last modified 2005. https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS2784.nim-01001761/TOC.
Audu, Victor. “Building a Reconciled Community: Lessons from Philemon.” The Ecumenical Review 73, no. 3 (2021): 475–486.
Balabanski, Vicky. “Where Is Philemon? The Case for a Logical Fallacy in the Correlation of the Data in Philemon and Colossians 1.1-2; 4.7-18.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 38, no. 2 (2015): 131–150.
Bastian, Yonas, and Antonius Galih Arga Wiwin Aryanto. “Membangun Komunitas Yang Egaliter: Analisis Sosio-Kultural Tentang Persoalan Onesimus Dalam Filemon 1: 8-22.” KURIOS (Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen) 9, no. 3 (2023): 730–742.
Bauer’s, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of The New Testament And Other Early Christian Literature (BDAG) Third Edition. Edited by Frederick William Danker. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000.
Beker, Johan Christiaan. Paul the Apostle: The Triumph of God in Life and Thought. Fortress Press, 1980.
Boloje, Blessing O. “Rethinking Violence through the Narrative of Genesis 4: 1-16.” In die Skriflig 55, no. 1 (2021): 1–8.
Chamblin, J. Knox. Paulus Dan Diri. Surabaya: Momentum, 2018.
Cho, Bernardo. “Subverting Slavery: Philemon, Onesimus, and Paul’s Gospel of Reconciliation.” Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology 86, no. 2 (2014): 99–115. https://brill.com/view/journals/evqu/86/2/article-p99_1.xml.
Garland, David E. The NIV Application Commentary: Collosians / Philemon. GrandRapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, 1998.
Halawa, Adieli, and Robert Calvin Wagey. “Model Penyelesaian Konflik Dalam Pemilihan Pemimpin Di Sinode Gereja Kristen Injili Nusantara (GKIN).” Missio Ecclesiae 11, no. 1 (2022): 1–20.
Horst Blaz & Gerhard Scheider. Exegetical Dictionary of The New Testament (EDNT). Michigan: Grand Rapids, 1990.
James D.G. Dunn. A Commentary on The Greek Text: The Epistles to The Collosians and To Philemon. GrandRapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing, 1996.
Kreitzer, Larry J. Reading A New Biblical Commentary: Philemon. USA: Sheffield Phoenix (Academic) Press, 2008.
Maier, Harry O. “Paul’s Letter to Philemon: A Case Study in Individualisation, Dividuation, and Partibility in Imperial Spatial Contexts.” Religious individualisation; Volume 1 (2019): 519–539.
Moo, D.A. Carson; Douglas J. An Introduction to the New Testament. Malang: Gandum Mas, 2016.
Moule, C.F.D., ed. Cambridge Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of Paul The Apostle to the Collosians And To Philemon. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Nggadas, Deky Hidnas Yan. Surat Filemon: Pengantar, Eksegesis Dan Teologinya. Jakarta: Penerbit Vieka Wahana Semesta (Views), 2018.
O’Brien, Peter T. “Filemon.” In Tafsiran Alkitab Abad Ke-21 (3): Matius-Wahyu. Jakarta: YKBK/OMF, 2017.
Obinwa, Ignatius M C. “The Separation of Abraham and Lot in Genesis 13: 1-18 and the Issue of Grazing Grounds for the Fulani Herdsmen in Nigeria.” Ministerium: A Journal of Contextual Theology 2, no. 2 (2019).
Ridderbos, Herman. Paulus (Pemikiran Utama Theologinya). Surabaya: Momentum, 2010.
Santoso, Agus, and Bobby Kurnia Putrawan. “Onesimus as a Brother: Implications of Christian-Islam Relations in Indonesia.” Perichoresis 22, no. 3 (2024): 43–53.
Sarwono, Daniel. “Pola Penyelesaian Perselisihan Menurut Rasul Paulus Dalam 1 Korintus 3: 1-9.” Manna Rafflesia 2, no. 2 (2016): 148–162.
Silaban, Budi Partogi. “KONFLIK INTERNAL GEREJA HKBP HUTAJULU DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DI DESA HUTAJULU KECAMATAN ONAN GANJANG KABUPATEN HUMBANG HASUNDUTAN,” 2016. https://digilib.unimed.ac.id/id/eprint/17574.
Sirait, Junio Richson, Muner Daliman, Hestyn Natal Istinatun, and Sri Wahyuni. “Tinjauan Praktis Tentang Resolusi Konflik Berdasarkan Filemon 1: 1-25.” Kamaya: Jurnal Ilmu Agama 5, no. 3 (2022): 114–124.
Tantu, Defneita. “KONFLIK INTERNAL GEREJA (Studi Kasus Terhadap Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Konflik Internal Antara Anggota GMIST Dan KGPM ‘Dalam Perspektif Teori Konflik’).” Magister Sosiologi Agama Program Pascasarjana FTEO-UKSW, 2013.
Uwaezuoke, Mercy U., and Gerald U. Nwabuisi. “THE CONCEPT OF SLAVERY IN PAUL’S LETTER TO PHILEMON AND THE IMPLICATIONS TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA.” Journal of African Studies and Sustainable Development 6, no. 3 (2023). https://www.acjol.org/index.php/jassd/article/view/3590.
De Villiers, Pieter G R. “Love in the Letter to Philemon.” Tolmie and Friedl, eds (2010): 181–203.
Walter A. Bauer’s. Greek - English Lexicon of The New Testament And Other Early Christian Literature (BDAG). Edited by Frederick William Danker. 3rd ed. Chicago: The Univercity of Chicago, 2000.
Wenno, Vincent Kalvin. “Pendekatan Paulus Dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Perbudakan: Analisis Sosio-Historis Terhadap Surat Paulus Kepada Filemon.” GEMA TEOLOGIKA: Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual Dan Filsafat Keilahian 7, no. 1 (2022): 57–72.
Wilson, Andrew. “The Pragmatics of Politeness and Pauline Epistolography: A Case Study of the Letter to Philemon.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament 15, no. 48 (1992): 107–119.
Winter, Sara C. “Paul’s Letter to Philemon.” New Testament Studies 33, no. 1 (1987): 1–15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46305/im.v6i2.488
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Immanuel: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Immanuel indexed by:
Immanuel: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen
Published: Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Sumatera Utara
Website Institusi: stt-su.ac.id
Address: Jl. Sembada No. 32, Titi Rantai, Kec. Medan Baru, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20131
ISSN: 2721-432X (online), 2721-6020 (print).







